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Triadenum fraseri
''Triadenum fraseri'', known by the common names of bog St. John's wort, Fraser's St. John's wort, or Fraser's marsh St. John's wort, is a perennial flowering plant in the family ''Clusiaceae'' that appears natively in New England, northeastern and north Central United States and lower Canada in wetlands habitats of "bogs, marshes, swales, sedgy meadows, moist sandy (even marly) shores, conifer swamps and alder thickets".〔A. A. Reznicek, E. G. Voss, & B. S. Walters. ''("Hypericaceae: Triadenum: ''Triadenum fraseri'' (Spach) Gleason" ), ''Michigan Flora Online'' (University of Michigan, February 2011). Retrieved October 19, 2015.〕 The species common name is named after John Fraser (1750-1811), a Scottish botanist and widely-travelled plant collector.
==Description==
''Triadenum fraseri'' is a perennial forb (an herb that flowers) can grow to heights of to . The plant has blue-green (sometimes purple-tinged) stalkless, elliptical, opposite leaves that are typically long and to wide, with prominent, often red stems and veins.
The plant displays clusters of a few to several flowers arising from leaf axils, at the end of branching stems. The pink five-petal flowers with green or purplish sepals that range from to wide when fully open (but they are rarely open). The flower typically appears closed like a bud. Each flower features 9 to 12 yellow stamens. The plant's fruit is a three-sectioned dark-red or orange pointed capsule, to long. ''Triadenum fraseri'' is typically in flower each year from July through September.〔Louis Iverson, David Ketzner, and Jeanne Karnes, ("ILPIN information on ''Triadenum fraseri''" ), ''Illinois Plant Information Network'' (published on United States Forest Service webspace). Retrieved October 28, 2015.〕
The plant is autotrophic and employs C3 carbon fixation.〔 The C3 plants originated during Mesozoic and Paleozoic eras and tend to thrive in areas where sunlight intensity is moderate, temperatures are moderate, and ground water is plentiful. plants lose 97% of the water taken up through their roots to transpiration.〔J.A. Raven, D. Edwards, "Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance", ''Journal of Experimental Botany'' vol 42, issue 90001 (2001) 381–401. PMID = 11326045, DOI 10.1093/jexbot/52.suppl_1.381〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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